Architecture Billings Show Ongoing Decline
Soft market continues for architecture firms as clients hesitate to commit
THE MOST RECENT REPORT: June 18, 2025
The AIA Architecture Billings Index (ABI) remained in negative territory in May with a score of 47.2, up from 43.2 in April. Any score below 50 indicates a billings decline, although this month’s score indicates that somewhat fewer firms reported a decline in billings in May than in April.
Inquiries into new work increased this month for the first time since January, reflecting the modest degree of stabilization in the economy recently. However, the value of signed design contracts continued to decline, indicating that while clients are starting to explore new projects, they remain hesitant to sign a contract committing to them.
“Business conditions remained sluggish nationwide in May, with nonresidential construction activity continuing to decline in several major metro areas,” said Kermit Baker, PhD, AIA Chief Economist. “Firms across all specializations reported declining billings this month. However, the pace of decline slowed at firms specializing in multifamily residential projects. These, along with institutional work, are likely to be the first to return to growth when conditions begin to improve.”
Key ABI highlights for May include:
- Regional averages: South (49.2); West (44.3); Northeast (43.6); Midwest (43.5)
- Sector index breakdown: institutional (46.2); multifamily residential (46.1); mixed practice (firms that do not have at least half of their billings in any one other category) (45.4); commercial/industrial (43.8);
- Project inquiries index: 51.4
- Design contracts index: 45.9
Regional and sector categories are measured as three-month moving averages and may not align with the national score.
Inside Lighting strives to accurately report certain data on the day it is reported by the AIA, but updates to past data with new three-month rolling averages might not be made. For official and most current reports, refer to the AIA ABI numbers. All ABI data is sourced from the AIA.
Interpreting the ABI:
The Architecture Billings Index (ABI) is a leading economic indicator of construction activity. It is produced by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and it reflects the approximate nine-to-twelve month lead time between architecture billings and construction spending.
The ABI is based on a monthly survey of architecture firms that asks respondents to rate the level of their billings (or the amount of new design contracts) as either "increase," "decrease," or "no change" from the previous month. The results are then compiled into an index, where a score above 50 indicates an increase in billings, and a score below 50 indicates a decrease in billings.
The ABI is widely used in the construction industry, as well as by economists and analysts, to track the health of the construction market and to forecast future building activity. It is considered a leading economic indicator because changes in architecture billings often precede changes in overall economic activity, such as employment and GDP.
The ABI provides a snapshot of the demand for design services as well as an indication of the near-term outlook for the construction industry.
The survey panel asks participating architectural firms whether billings increased, decreased or stayed the same in the month that just ended. According to the proportion of respondents choosing each option, a score is generated, which represents an index value for each month.
- An index score of 50 indicates no change in firm billings versus the previous month.
- A score above 50 indicates an increase in firm billings versus the previous month.
- A score below 50 indicates an decrease in firm billings versus the previous month.
- NOTE: Index numbers cited for the last three reported months are preliminary.
- The regional and sector categories are calculated as a 3-month moving average, whereas the national index, design contracts and inquiries are monthly numbers.
Source: The American Institute of Architects (AIA)
National Architecture Billings Index
Source: The American Institute of Architects (AIA)
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Regional Architecture Billings Index
(Three month rolling average)
Source: The American Institute of Architects (AIA)
Sector-Specific Architecture Billings Index
Three-month rolling average
Commercial/Industrial
Buildings related to commerce and industry. Office space, banks, retail, factories, etc.
Institutional
Schools, civic/government buildings, museums, hospitals, etc.
Multifamily Residential
Town homes, apartment complexes, condominiums, etc.
Mixed Practice
Firms that do not have at least half of their billings in any one other category.
Source: The American Institute of Architects (AIA)
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